{"id":1621,"date":"2020-01-28T10:00:47","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T10:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/?p=1621"},"modified":"2020-01-24T12:52:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-24T12:52:06","slug":"ce-hub-a-plus-dune-corde-a-son-arc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/ce-hub-a-plus-dune-corde-a-son-arc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce Hub a plus d\u2019une corde \u00e0 son arc !"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cadre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Guisan<\/b><\/h2>\n

A l\u2019heure o\u00f9 la probl\u00e9matique de la gestion des donn\u00e9es est plus que jamais d\u2019actualit\u00e9, il devient indispensable de pouvoir, au niveau national, compter sur une instance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale permettant d\u2019unifier les institutions suisses en prenant des d\u00e9cisions fermes et d\u00e9cid\u00e9es, assumant le r\u00f4le de guide en mati\u00e8re d\u2019identifiants p\u00e9rennes (PID – persistent identifiers<\/i>). L\u2019objectif, plus que louable, de soutenir la diffusion et l\u2019utilisation de connaissances en respectant les principes FAIR<\/a> se heurte \u00e0 quantit\u00e9 d\u2019obstacles, dont les aspects financiers, organisationnels et techniques ne sont pas des moindres.<\/p>\n

A l\u2019image du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Guisan<\/a> qui a su, en son temps, f\u00e9d\u00e9rer et donner \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e confiance en elle face \u00e0 l\u2019adversit\u00e9, notre projet \u00e9tudie la conception d\u2019un Hub national d\u2019attribution logique d\u2019identifiants p\u00e9rennes au service des chercheurs helv\u00e8tes, ceci dans le but de combattre l\u2019ignorance et l\u2019oubli. Swiss PID Hub fait ainsi office d\u2019\u00e9tude pr\u00e9paratoire au projet INCIPIT<\/a> soumis \u00e0 swissuniversities-p5<\/a> lors de l\u2019appel \u00e0 projets pour l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 (Call 192<\/i><\/a>), qui pr\u00e9voit la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une infrastructure nationale d\u2019un compl\u00e9ment d\u2019identifiants p\u00e9rennes interop\u00e9rables et tra\u00e7ables.<\/p>\n

Services qui tirent \u00e0 la m\u00eame corde<\/b><\/h2>\n

Il existe certains services dont l\u2019ambition se raccorde \u00e0 notre projet, tel que EZID<\/a>. Cette plateforme mise en place par la California Digital Library (CDL) <\/i>permet la cr\u00e9ation, l\u2019enregistrement et la gestion de PID au service de la recherche scientifique et de la pr\u00e9servation du patrimoine culturel, quel que soit le type de donn\u00e9es. Ce syst\u00e8me peut \u00eatre compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pine dorsale de l\u2019infrastructure communicationnelle savante : il permet de rendre tout objet identifiable, partageable et citable par l\u2019humain et par la machine. La philosophie d\u2019EZID est donc de mettre \u00e0 disposition un service d\u2019identifiants rationalis\u00e9, peu co\u00fbteux et de haute qualit\u00e9. Techniquement, EZID supporte actuellement deux types de PID<\/a> parmi les plus utilis\u00e9s : les Digital Object Identifiers<\/i> (DOI) et les Archival Resource Keys<\/i> (ARK). EZID est d\u2019ailleurs g\u00e9r\u00e9 par John A. Kunze<\/a>, inventeur du sch\u00e8me ARK et initiateur du r\u00e9solveur Name-To-Thing<\/a> (N2T).<\/p>\n

\"Architecture
Figure 1 : Architecture ARK \u00e0 la CDL (Kunze 2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Les DOI apparaissent \u00e9galement comme une solution potentielle, mais pr\u00e9sentent le d\u00e9savantage d\u2019un investissement financier (beaucoup) plus cons\u00e9quent. C\u2019est la Biblioth\u00e8que de l\u2019Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Z\u00fcrich (EPFZ), avec le DOI-Desk<\/a> et en collaboration avec DataCite<\/a>, qui se charge de fournir aux institutions helv\u00e9tiques les DOI. DataCite, au m\u00eame titre que Crossref<\/a>, se place en compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9, le premier plut\u00f4t ax\u00e9 sur les institutions culturelles et scientifiques, le second aupr\u00e8s des \u00e9diteurs.<\/p>\n

Pour notre projet de recherche, nous avons retenu ARK comme PID (voir billet de blog pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/i><\/a>).<\/p>\n

\"Processus
Figure 2 : Processus d\u2019enregistrement des DOI via la Biblioth\u00e8que de l\u2019EPFZ (Hirschmann 2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Fonctionnalit\u00e9s du service<\/b><\/h2>\n

Nous avons pens\u00e9 les fonctionnalit\u00e9s d\u2019un tel service en nous basant sur des projets ant\u00e9rieurs (Espasandin et al. 2018), mais \u00e9galement sur des \u00e9tudes de cas issues du projet ICOPAD<\/a>, de la FAQ ARK<\/a>, ainsi que d\u2019ArODES<\/a>. Cela nous a permi de r\u00e9aliser l\u2019importance de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de r\u00e8gles communes au niveau d\u2019une institution, d\u2019un organisme, m\u00eame si en leur sein, chaque d\u00e9partement a des besoins diff\u00e9rents (par exemple selon les types de donn\u00e9es ou leur granularit\u00e9).<\/p>\n

Th\u00e9oriquement parlant, imaginer un Hub de cette sorte n\u2019est qu\u2019une histoire d\u2019adaptation \u00e0 une \u00e9chelle de grandeur diff\u00e9rente, les processus existent d\u00e9j\u00e0, la technique aussi. C\u2019est d\u2019un point de vue organisationnel et financier que le d\u00e9fi s\u2019annonce ardu : composition et tarification des services, adaptation des proc\u00e9dures d\u2019attribution et de gestion des ARK \u00e0 un large panel d\u2019organisations tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rentes, sans oublier le travail de lobbying n\u00e9cessaire pour rassembler et convaincre des partenaires provenant d\u2019un pays poss\u00e9dant quatre langues nationales.<\/p>\n

Nous avons d\u00e8s lors imagin\u00e9 le processus d\u2019attribution d\u2019identifiants suivant :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Inscription au registre ARK ou v\u00e9rification du num\u00e9ro d\u2019autorit\u00e9 nommante (NAAN) et du serveur d\u2019acc\u00e8s de l\u2019autorit\u00e9 d\u2019adressage (NMA)<\/li>\n
  2. Renseignement des m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es et cr\u00e9ation d\u2019inf\u00e9rences en Linked Open Data (LOD)<\/li>\n
  3. Constitution du nom ARK selon le type d\u2019entit\u00e9 (pr\u00e9fixe, num\u00e9ro d\u2019identifiant et caract\u00e8re de contr\u00f4le)<\/li>\n
  4. G\u00e9n\u00e9ration de qualificatifs de granularit\u00e9 et\/ou de service<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Si les trois premi\u00e8res \u00e9tapes sont des fonctionnalit\u00e9s basiques du Hub, la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de qualificatifs<\/a> est une fonctionnalit\u00e9 avanc\u00e9e. Pour en b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier, une cotisation annuelle plus on\u00e9reuse devra \u00eatre sollicit\u00e9e aux prospects.<\/p>\n

    Mod\u00e9lisation du Hub<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Un blueprint de service<\/a> g\u00e9n\u00e9rique a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour donner une vue globale du service. Celui-ci retrace le parcours utilisateur d\u2019une institution s\u2019inscrivant au Hub et attribuant des ARK (voir Figure 3).<\/p>\n

    \"Blueprint<\/a>
    Figure 3 : Blueprint de service (les fonctionnalit\u00e9s avanc\u00e9es sont repr\u00e9sent\u00e9es en vert)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Lors de l\u2019initialisation du Hub, il faudra \u00e9tablir une tarification selon les types d\u2019organismes et les fonctionnalit\u00e9s d\u00e9sir\u00e9es, mais \u00e9galement collaborer avec l\u2019initiative mondiale ARKs-in-the-Open<\/a> qui est en train de r\u00e9viser la sp\u00e9cification<\/a> et d\u2019\u00e9laborer des proc\u00e9dures pour la maintenance du registre ARK<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    Un pour tous, tous pour un !<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Un Hub national coordonnant l\u2019attribution d\u2019ARK en Suisse pourrait prendre le r\u00f4le, tel notre h\u00e9ros national Guillaume Tell, de rassembleur d\u2019esprits et de catalyseur de l\u2019identit\u00e9 (scientifique) nationale : un pour tous, et tous pour un !<\/p>\n

    Auteurs :<\/b> Matthieu Cevey<\/a> et Julien A. Raemy<\/a><\/p>\n

    Bibliographie<\/b><\/h2>\n

    ESPASANDIN, Kate, JAQUET, Aur\u00e9lie, LEFORT, Lise et SCHNEIDER, Ren\u00e9 (dir ), 2018. Panorama et mod\u00e9lisation d\u2019identifiants p\u00e9rennes pour la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019identit\u00e9s de confiance<\/i> [en ligne]. M\u00e9moire de recherche. Carouge, Suisse : Haute \u00e9cole de gestion de Gen\u00e8ve. [Consult\u00e9 le 25 novembre 2019]. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/doc.rero.ch\/record\/309479<\/a><\/p>\n

    HIRSCHMANN, Barbara, 2019. 10 Years DOI Desk at ETH Zurich. In : Persistent Identifiers in Research \u2013 Celebrating 10 Years of DOI Desk at ETH Zurich<\/i> [en ligne]. ETH Zurich. 13 septembre 2019. [Consult\u00e9 le 25 novembre 2019]. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/www.research-collection.ethz.ch\/handle\/20.500.11850\/365054<\/a><\/p>\n

    KUNZE, John, 2019. ARKs @ CDL Architecture. ARKs in the Open Project<\/i> [en ligne]. 15 mars 2019. [Consult\u00e9 le 25 novembre 2019]. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse : https:\/\/wiki.lyrasis.org\/display\/ARKs\/ARKs+@+CDL+Architecture<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Cadre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Guisan A l\u2019heure o\u00f9 la probl\u00e9matique de la gestion des donn\u00e9es est plus que jamais d\u2019actualit\u00e9, il devient indispensable de pouvoir, au niveau national, compter sur une instance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale permettant d\u2019unifier les institutions suisses en prenant des d\u00e9cisions … Lire la suite\u00ad\u00ad<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":1628,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,23,15,12],"tags":[139,148,91,151,142,92,200,140,146,141,149],"class_list":["post-1621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-curation-des-donnees","category-gouvernance-des-donnees","category-information-donnees","category-reflexion-is","tag-archival-resource-key","tag-ark","tag-curation-des-donnees","tag-datacite","tag-doi","tag-donnees-numeriques","tag-general-guisan","tag-identifiants-perennes","tag-linked-open-data","tag-pid","tag-swiss-pid-hub"],"yoast_head":"\nCe Hub a plus d\u2019une corde \u00e0 son arc ! - Recherche d'Id\u00e9eS - Master IS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Matthieu Cevey - Julien A. 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