{"id":5053,"date":"2024-11-18T17:56:06","date_gmt":"2024-11-18T17:56:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/?p=5053"},"modified":"2024-12-01T14:54:31","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T14:54:31","slug":"si-cupidon-etait-une-machine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/si-cupidon-etait-une-machine\/","title":{"rendered":"Si Cupidon \u00e9tait une machine\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"5053\" class=\"elementor elementor-5053\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7b4bcf1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7b4bcf1\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9512c1e\" data-id=\"9512c1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-124645c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"124645c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Lors d&#8217;un r\u00e9cent s\u00e9minaire sur le machine learning anim\u00e9 par mes coll\u00e8gues, nous avons explor\u00e9 ses multiples domaines d&#8217;application : d\u00e9tection de fraudes dans la finance, personnalisation client en marketing et optimisation des diagnostics en sant\u00e9. Mais alors que la liste s&#8217;\u00e9tendait, une autre application, souvent moins mise en avant, m&#8217;est venue en t\u00eate : l&#8217;usage du machine learning dans les sites et applications de rencontre. Ici, les algorithmes jouent les entremetteurs, chaque interaction, swipe ou match \u00e9tant soigneusement orchestr\u00e9 par des mod\u00e8les et des statistiques. Le Cupidon moderne a-t-il troqu\u00e9 son arc pour devenir une machine ?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3041e2d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3041e2d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-25a79cf\" data-id=\"25a79cf\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-317c5cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"317c5cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon-300x300.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-5065\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon-300x300.webp 300w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon-150x150.webp 150w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon-768x768.webp 768w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon-730x730.webp 730w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon-365x365.webp 365w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/IA_Cupidon.webp 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Image generated by OpenAI's DALL-E<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d2f29dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d2f29dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd1d1f6\" data-id=\"fd1d1f6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb4f7bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb4f7bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>L&#8217;utilisation d&#8217;algorithmes dans ce contexte est peu \u00e9tonnante. Ils sont largement utilis\u00e9s sur de nombreuses plateformes du quotidien, comme YouTube avec son algorithme de recommandation qui remplit la page \u00ab Home \u00bb \u00e0 chaque visite. Ces syst\u00e8mes sont devenus omnipr\u00e9sents sur les sites et applications les plus populaires et sont souvent la cl\u00e9 de leur succ\u00e8s, TikTok \u00e9tant un autre exemple notable. Ils se basent sur l&#8217;observation des comportements des utilisateurs, leurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences et les caract\u00e9ristiques de ce qu&#8217;ils consomment, transformant chaque interaction en donn\u00e9es soigneusement analys\u00e9es pour proposer le contenu le plus adapt\u00e9.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dea0a78 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dea0a78\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0d158c7\" data-id=\"0d158c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f340cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f340cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Or, cette analyse est loin d&#8217;\u00eatre impossible dans le contexte des sites de rencontres. En comparant la dur\u00e9e des relations r\u00e9sultant d&#8217;un match avec les historiques de swipe, l&#8217;analyse des photos, la caract\u00e9risation des sentiments et des concepts \u00e9voqu\u00e9s dans les bios, ou m\u00eame l&#8217;\u00e9pluchage des messages que les personnes s&#8217;envoient, il devient possible d\u2019identifier les profils les plus \u00e0 m\u00eame de se plaire mutuellement, de comprendre leur comportement et leurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences pour leur proposer la meilleure exp\u00e9rience possible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac09e8e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac09e8e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9208647\" data-id=\"9208647\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-68b4b72 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"68b4b72\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Techniquement, cela peut passer par une mesure de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Similarit%C3%A9_cosinus\">similarit\u00e9 cosinus<\/a> entre utilisateurs, un <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M%C3%A9thode_des_k_plus_proches_voisins\">syst\u00e8me KNN<\/a>, des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Arbre_de_d%C3%A9cision_(apprentissage)\">arbres de d\u00e9cision<\/a> et bien d&#8217;autres algorithmes plus complexes. Des technologies telles que l&#8217;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Analyse_de_sentiments\">analyse de sentiment<\/a>, la d\u00e9tection de profils frauduleux et la d\u00e9tection de contenu interdit sont \u00e9galement des domaines o\u00f9 le machine learning joue un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9. Sans surprise, les apps et sites de rencontre restent discrets sur les d\u00e9tails de leur syst\u00e8me, pour \u00e9viter les abus et limiter les risques juridiques. Tinder, par exemple, offre un aper\u00e7u de son syst\u00e8me dans un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tinderpressroom.com\/powering-tinder-r-the-method-behind-our-matching\/\">article de blog<\/a>, mais ne va pas plus loin.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c59cb0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c59cb0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f565bd7\" data-id=\"f565bd7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-499fc8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"499fc8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.keboola.com\/blog\/decision-trees-machine-learning\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/decision_tree-1024x504.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5104\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/decision_tree-1024x504.png 1024w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/decision_tree-300x148.png 300w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/decision_tree-768x378.png 768w, https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/decision_tree.png 1338w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Un arbre de d\u00e9cision. Source : The Ultimate Guide to Decision Trees for Machine Learning, Keboola.com<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cac20f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cac20f7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f84c94b\" data-id=\"f84c94b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-586b3b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"586b3b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ce sujet serait un excellent choix pour parler des biais \u00e9thiques qui sont tr\u00e8s souvent au c\u0153ur des d\u00e9bats sur l\u2019utilisation de ce genre de syst\u00e8me, mais ce ne sera pas directement le th\u00e8me au centre de ce blog (malgr\u00e9 cela, je vous propose Hutson et al. (2018) pour explorer ce sujet du biais plus en d\u00e9tail). Non, j\u2019aimerais attirer votre attention sur deux questions qui ressortent de l\u2019utilisation d\u2019algorithmes dans ce contexte :<\/p><ul><li>Si une machine a \u00ab pr\u00e9m\u00e2ch\u00e9 \u00bb tout le travail de trouver la bonne personne pour vous, est-ce que vous avez <em>vraiment<\/em> trouv\u00e9 l\u2019amour ?<\/li><li>Quels sont les buts les plus probables des syst\u00e8mes de recommandation dans ces sites de rencontres ?<\/li><\/ul><p>Je souhaite offrir une r\u00e9ponse br\u00e8ve \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re question, qui pourrait donner mati\u00e8re \u00e0 r\u00e9flexion pour un philosophe, mais me semble finalement peu cruciale. Si un algorithme vous a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 trouver le v\u00e9ritable amour, je n\u2019ai rien d\u2019autre \u00e0 dire que : \u00ab Tous mes v\u0153ux ! \u00bb L\u2019id\u00e9e selon laquelle l\u2019amour doit \u00eatre trouv\u00e9 sans aucune intervention de la technologie moderne peut para\u00eetre romantique pour certains, mais elle pr\u00e9sente peu d\u2019avantages concrets. En fin de compte, c\u2019est une question dont la r\u00e9ponse d\u00e9pend enti\u00e8rement de la perception individuelle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0f3ca9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0f3ca9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3005a94\" data-id=\"3005a94\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fce3bfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fce3bfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La vraie question importante de ce blog est la seconde. Pour y r\u00e9pondre, je ferai un lien avec les syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9, notamment le syst\u00e8me am\u00e9ricain ax\u00e9 sur le profit. L&#8217;id\u00e9e que le meilleur moyen de maximiser le profit n&#8217;est pas de gu\u00e9rir les patients, mais de les garder l\u00e9g\u00e8rement malades pour qu&#8217;ils reviennent, est bien connue. Le parall\u00e8le avec les sites de rencontre est \u00e9vident : si un site parvient \u00e0 former un couple heureux, il perd deux clients. On peut supposer que ni l&#8217;un ni l&#8217;autre ne continuera \u00e0 utiliser Tinder Premium, privant ainsi la plateforme de revenus et de nouvelles donn\u00e9es \u00e0 exploiter.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-db685dc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"db685dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c983204\" data-id=\"c983204\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1be64bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1be64bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>On arrive alors sur un autre probl\u00e8me \u00e9thique : les algorithmes de ces sites de rencontre sont-ils con\u00e7us pour garder les utilisateurs le plus longtemps possible en leur proposant des profils int\u00e9ressants, mais sans r\u00e9elle connexion ? Les int\u00e9r\u00eats financiers du site de rencontre se retrouvent en opposition avec ceux de ses utilisateurs. Le site veut que les utilisateurs continuent \u00e0 utiliser la plateforme; il doit donc leur offrir des profils qui attirent leur attention, mais dont la probabilit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre le match parfait reste basse. \u00c0 l&#8217;inverse, environ 44 % des utilisateurs utilisent ces sites pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour trouver leur seconde moiti\u00e9 (McClain, 2023).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-91307a6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"91307a6\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7610079\" data-id=\"7610079\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e5cfe5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e5cfe5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dans les si\u00e8ges de Tinder, Bumble et autres g\u00e9ants des rencontres en ligne, les dirigeants doivent sans doute peser une question : engranger quelques millions de plus ou laisser une v\u00e9ritable chance \u00e0 l&#8217;amour. Pendant ce temps, de notre c\u00f4t\u00e9, il ne nous reste qu&#8217;\u00e0 r\u00e9clamer plus de transparence dans ces syst\u00e8mes omnipr\u00e9sents qui influencent nos vies. Car qu&#8217;il s&#8217;agisse de swipes, de vid\u00e9os recommand\u00e9es, de pr\u00eats financiers ou de diagnostics m\u00e9dicaux, la lumi\u00e8re sur ces algorithmes est le premier pas pour s&#8217;assurer que les besoins humains restent au centre de tous ces calculs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d45f64 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d45f64\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a2e3f95\" data-id=\"a2e3f95\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e234880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e234880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/knowyourmeme.com\/memes\/mr-krabs-i-like-money\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"407\" src=\"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/I_like_money.gif\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-5115\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">Certains CEOs, certainement. Source :  The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie (2004)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c7a115 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c7a115\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db8e57a\" data-id=\"db8e57a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdd65b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bdd65b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bibliographie<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2cafa7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2cafa7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c14396a\" data-id=\"c14396a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d67bbc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d67bbc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Airen, S., &amp; Agrawal, J. (2022). Movie Recommender System Using K-Nearest Neighbors Variants. <em>National Academy Science Letters<\/em>, <em>45<\/em>(1), 75\u201182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40009-021-01051-0<\/p><p>Hutson, J. A., Taft, J. G., Barocas, S., &amp; Levy, K. (2018). Debiasing Desire\u202f: Addressing Bias &amp; Discrimination on Intimate Platforms. <em>Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact.<\/em>, <em>2<\/em>(CSCW), 73:1-73:18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3274342<\/p><p>McClain, E. A. V. and C. (2023, f\u00e9vrier 2). Key findings about online dating in the U.S. <em>Pew Research Center<\/em>. https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/short-reads\/2023\/02\/02\/key-findings-about-online-dating-in-the-u-s\/<\/p><p>Portugal, I., Alencar, P., &amp; Cowan, D. (2018). The use of machine learning algorithms in recommender systems\u202f: A systematic review. <em>Expert Systems with Applications<\/em>, <em>97<\/em>, 205\u2011227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.12.020<\/p><p>Ricci, F., Rokach, L., &amp; Shapira, B. (\u00c9ds.). (2015). <em>Recommender Systems Handbook<\/em>. Springer US. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-4899-7637-6<\/p><p>Shi, Y., Larson, M., &amp; Hanjalic, A. (2014). Collaborative Filtering beyond the User-Item Matrix\u202f: A Survey of the State of the Art and Future Challenges. <em>ACM Computing Surveys<\/em>, <em>47<\/em>(1), 3:1-3:45. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2556270<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Avec l\u2019omnipr\u00e9sence des IA et des syst\u00e8mes de recommandations, qui m\u00e8ne la barque de notre vie amoureuse lorsque les algorithmes semblent nous conna\u00eetre mieux que nous-m\u00eames ?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":161,"featured_media":5065,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,12],"tags":[28,52,50,30,31],"class_list":["post-5053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-machine-learning","category-reflexion-is","tag-donnees","tag-intelligence-artificielle","tag-machine-learning","tag-master-is","tag-sciences-de-linformation"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.5 - 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