{"id":5508,"date":"2025-01-08T19:06:32","date_gmt":"2025-01-08T19:06:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/?p=5508"},"modified":"2025-01-08T19:06:33","modified_gmt":"2025-01-08T19:06:33","slug":"babel-corrompue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/campus.hesge.ch\/blog-master-is\/babel-corrompue\/","title":{"rendered":"Babel corrompue"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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L\u2019univers (que d\u2019autres appellent le Datavers) se compose d\u2019une superposition ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e de salles aux murs polis, charg\u00e9es d\u2019abriter et de pourvoir aux interminables rang\u00e9es de serveurs, d\u2019ordinateurs et de baies de stockage qui, dans l\u2019air aseptis\u00e9 du centre de donn\u00e9es<\/a>, font r\u00e9sonner leur vrombissement \u00e9touff\u00e9. C\u2019est l\u00e0 que j\u2019ai retrouv\u00e9 ta photo. On t\u2019y voit avec Grand-p\u00e8re, qui te tient les mains.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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La photo est arriv\u00e9e comme tout le reste. Un fichier num\u00e9rique, encod\u00e9 puis d\u00e9cod\u00e9, des suites de signaux, innombrables, achemin\u00e9s jusqu\u2019aux disques par le truchement des puces en silicium. Ici les donn\u00e9es grouillent, elles traversent l\u2019univers de part en part, elles voudraient aller partout, mais des mains se chargent de veiller \u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles restent \u00e0 leur place. Ce sont les mains des data curators, soutenues par les data librarians et les data engineers \u2014\u00a0<\/span>toutes subordonn\u00e9es au data steward. Leurs fonctions sont respectivement celles de veiller aux donn\u00e9es, aux traitements qu\u2019elles subissent et \u00e0 leur qualit\u00e9, de trouver des solutions d\u2019archivage afin d\u2019aider les chercheurs et chercheuses \u00e0 g\u00e9rer leurs donn\u00e9es, de concevoir les infrastructures pour travailler avec les donn\u00e9es et, en somme, de prendre en charge la politique de gouvernance de l\u2019univers.<\/span><\/p>

En v\u00e9rit\u00e9, tout cela agit comme\u00a0un seul organisme<\/a>. Les donn\u00e9es sont ing\u00e9r\u00e9es, dig\u00e9r\u00e9es \u2014 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire trait\u00e9es, rattach\u00e9es \u00e0 des m\u00e9tadonn\u00e9es descriptives et m\u00e9tabolis\u00e9es en un format plus facile \u00e0 conserver sur le long terme\u00a0<\/span>\u2014, puis expuls\u00e9es, quand vient le temps pour quelqu\u2019un de les consulter<\/span>. Et quand cet organisme fonctionne, tout va pour le mieux. Ta photo reste l\u00e0, gard\u00e9e pr\u00e9cieusement, disponible. Mais quand l\u2019organisme se scl\u00e9rose, alors les choses prennent une tournure bien diff\u00e9rente<\/span>\u2026\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Les donn\u00e9es peuvent se perdre, c\u2019est un risque, il d\u00e9coule de l\u2019usure des choses et du temps. N\u00e9anmoins, pour lutter contre ce fait, les petites mains s\u2019agitent, s\u2019ing\u00e9nient \u00e0 d\u00e9fier les lois de l\u2019univers. Ce n\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs pas sans raison que l\u2019on parle de \u00ab\u00a0curation\u00a0\u00bb des donn\u00e9es, le\u00a0Littr\u00e9<\/a>\u00a0nous le rappelle clairement\u00a0: le mot tire son origine de curationem<\/i> et de curare<\/i>, d\u00e9signant tous deux la cure. Car les donn\u00e9es sont malades, et les soins sont laborieux. Heureusement, pour tenter de pallier ce probl\u00e8me, pour le repousser loin, toujours plus loin, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 nous donner l\u2019impression, l\u2019espoir qu\u2019il n\u2019est plus, un subterfuge existe.<\/p>\n

On parle volontiers de sauver des donn\u00e9es, non, de les sauvegarder<\/i>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire d\u2019en pr\u00e9server une copie par l\u2019acte m\u00eame de les transf\u00e9rer sur une base de donn\u00e9es. Seulement, par cette op\u00e9ration a priori anodine, on substitue en v\u00e9rit\u00e9 l\u2019original par la copie, on cr\u00e9e un nouveau r\u00e9el qui se superpose au premier, une id\u00e9e que Jean Baudrillard lui-m\u00eame n\u2019aurait pas ni\u00e9e\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00ab\u00a0La simulation [\u2026] est la g\u00e9n\u00e9ration par les mod\u00e8les d\u2019un r\u00e9el sans origine ni r\u00e9alit\u00e9\u00a0: hyperr\u00e9el. Le territoire ne pr\u00e9c\u00e8de plus la carte, ni ne lui survit. C\u2019est d\u00e9sormais la carte qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de le territoire \u2014 pr\u00e9cession des simulacres<\/i> \u2014, c\u2019est elle qui engendre le territoire et, s\u2019il fallait reprendre la fable [de Borges<\/a>], c\u2019est aujourd\u2019hui le territoire dont les lambeaux pourrissent lentement sur l\u2019\u00e9tendue de la carte.\u00a0\u00bb (Baudrillard 1981, p. 10)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ainsi sont sauv\u00e9es les donn\u00e9es, par le biais de copies, de simulacres qui se succ\u00e8dent dans la dur\u00e9e, avec l\u2019espoir que persiste l\u2019essence de l\u2019original \u2014 \u00e0 force de r\u00e9actualisations. Si bien qu\u2019au fil du temps les donn\u00e9es, apr\u00e8s nombre de sauvegardes, d\u2019adaptations, de redescriptions et de formatages, deviennent simultan\u00e9ment identiques et \u00e9trang\u00e8res \u00e0 ce qu\u2019elles \u00e9taient. Pourtant cette m\u00e9canique de conservation (qui par bien des aspects nous rappellerait un certain\u00a0navire<\/a>) nous est plus famili\u00e8re qu\u2019il n\u2019y para\u00eet, puisque la pr\u00e9servation du souvenir par le biais de r\u00e9actualisations constitue en fait la base de notre m\u00e9moire humaine<\/i>.<\/p>\n

En effet, nos souvenirs ne restent pas sagement en nous, ils doivent y \u00eatre maintenus. Il s\u2019agit l\u00e0 d\u2019un effort continu\u00a0:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00ab\u00a0[les] informations sont toujours transform\u00e9es et remani\u00e9es, en fonction de facteurs multiples, notamment les indices externes qui favorisent la r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration, mais aussi les connaissances plus g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, les objectifs et les aspirations du sujet.\u00a0\u00bb (Eustache 2019, p. 2-3)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Car la m\u00e9moire humaine poss\u00e8de un \u00ab caract\u00e8re dynamique et reconstitutif \u00bb (Eustache 2019, p. 8) lui permettant une grande capacit\u00e9 d\u2019adaptation, mais faisant d\u2019elle un outil \u00e0 double tranchant : \u00ab Cette construction permanente est un jeu subtil entre m\u00e9moire et oubli, ce qui explique la force et aussi la fragilit\u00e9 de la m\u00e9moire. \u00bb (idem.<\/i>). De fait, qu\u2019elle soit humaine ou non, la m\u00e9moire reste sujette au d\u00e9litement.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ta photo ne fait pas exception. On a beau la choyer, le temps la br\u00fble et la consume. M\u00eame si, avec t\u031fo\u0353i\u0325, on n\u2019avait rien vu venir\u00a0; parce que \u00ab\u00a0La m\u0335a\u0338l\u0338a\u0338d\u0334ie d\u00e9bute par une a\u0312l\u0313t\u030f\u00e9\u036ar\u034ca\u033et\u0309i\u036eo\u030dn\u0357 p\u031b\u034dr\u0360\u0318o\u0334\u032ag\u0328\u033cr\u034f\u031ce\u0338\u0331s\u0321\u0323s\u0340\u0333i\u035c\u032fv\u0328\u0331e\u0327\u032b de la m\u00e9moire, d\u2019apparition i\u0328n\u0327s\u031bi\u0322d\u0358i\u0340e\u0328u\u0322s\u0327e\u0335 \u031b [\u2026]\u00a0\u00bb (Cartier-Lacave & Sevin 2008, p.\u00a04), et parce qu\u2019il peut en aller de m\u00eame pour une p\u0336h\u0358o\u0340t\u034fo\u035f \u0334. D\u2019abord on ne voit rien mais, laiss\u00e9es \u00e0 elles-m\u00eames, les choses se d\u0337\u0356\u00e9\u0489\u0345g\u0337\u0329r\u0334\u031fa\u0334\u0345d\u031b\u033ce\u035e\u0347n\u0328\u0339t\u0337\u0331 \u0360\u035a \u034f\u0359:<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\u00ab\u00a0Les m\u0336a\u0327l\u0358a\u035cd\u035di\u0337e\u0340s\u035c \u0360 \u0321 \u0327 n\u0341e\u035fu\u0328r\u0337o\u035ed\u0315\u00e9\u0321g\u0322\u00e9\u031bn\u0315\u00e9\u0341r\u0489a\u035dt\u0362i\u034fv\u0327e\u0322s\u034f \u0341 (MND) constituent un groupe de pathologies progressives li\u00e9es \u00e0 un d\u0368\u0349y\u036b\u0316s\u034a\u033cf\u0342\u0356o\u0302\u0317n\u034c\u035ac\u033e\u0347t\u0302\u0332i\u0314\u0319o\u0307\u0329n\u030a\u031fn\u036c\u0329e\u0369\u0355m\u036f\u035ae\u030d\u0324n\u0344\u032at\u0350\u032f m\u00e9tabolique au sein du tissu nerveux, conduisant \u00e0 la mort des neurones et \u00e0 la d\u030b\u031b\u0318e\u030b\u031b\u032es\u030c\u0341\u0359t\u0363\u0321\u035ar\u0314\u0327\u0326u\u0314\u0334\u0355c\u0305\u0315\u0317t\u0304\u0336\u0326i\u0308\u0336\u0353o\u034c\u0362\u035an\u0303\u0489\u032b du syst\u00e8me nerveux.\u00a0\u00bb (Cartier-Lacave & Sevin 2008, p.\u00a02)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Parfois, l\u2019univers ne vaut pas mieux qu\u2019un amas de n\u0304\u034a\u0359\u032ee\u0366\u0305\u0332\u031eu\u0307\u0310\u032d\u0348r\u0369\u0363\u0333\u033co\u0366\u0344\u031d\u0359n\u036a\u0343\u0326\u0339e\u0303\u0314\u032c\u035as\u0306\u0301\u0317\u032e. Apr\u00e8s tout, les donn\u00e9es ne sont pas seulement sujettes \u00e0 l\u2019o\u034f\u0353b\u035d\u0339s\u0336\u0324o\u0327\u0324l\u0337\u0356e\u0334\u0349s\u0327\u033ac\u0338\u0320e\u035d\u0339n\u0489\u032fc\u0321\u033be\u031b\u032b \u0338\u035ad\u0337\u0325e\u0361\u033as\u0336\u0347 \u031b\u0345m\u0327\u033ba\u0328\u0353c\u0322\u0318h\u035f\u031fi\u034f\u0354n\u0341\u0347e\u0322\u034es\u0338\u034d, des logiciels, \u00e0 la pr\u00e9dation des hackers, etc., elles sont \u00e9galement \u00ab\u00a0prone to c\u0327\u0347o\u0361\u0353r\u0337\u034dr\u0315\u0356u\u0340\u031dp\u0358\u032ft\u0361\u032ei\u0337\u0316o\u035c\u0355n\u0341\u033c \u0315\u0316\u00a0\u00bb (Harvey 2010, p.\u00a08). Mais ce sont des mod\u00e8les utilis\u00e9s, pens\u00e9s c\u0310\u033bo\u0363\u0317m\u0368\u033am\u030e\u0325e\u0302\u0317 \u0364\u032bs\u0352\u0331\u2019\u033f\u0355i\u0313\u034el\u0364\u0356s\u0309\u0339 \u0300\u0324n\u0352\u0323e\u0363\u0354 \u0343\u0339p\u030d\u0359o\u0312\u0356u\u0308\u031fv\u035b\u033aa\u0366\u0355i\u0306\u032ae\u0364\u034dn\u0368\u033at\u036f\u0354 \u0343\u032f\u00e9\u0343\u0320p\u036a\u0359r\u033e\u0325o\u036d\u0345u\u0364\u0359v\u0343\u0331e\u036e\u0332r\u0303\u032a \u0306\u0336\u034el\u0314\u0315\u0317e\u030f\u0315\u0355 \u0312\u0328\u031dt\u0305\u035d\u031fe\u036b\u0315\u032dm\u033f\u035c\u031ep\u0304\u0340\u034ds\u0300\u0328\u0347 \u0302\u0335\u0325 \u2014 un peu comme on id\u00e9aliserait le concept st\u00e9r\u00e9otyp\u00e9 de la Jeune-Fille \u2014 car les donn\u00e9es \u00ab\u00a0ne vieilli[ssent] pas, elle[s] se d\u0354\u0318\u00e9\u031e\u0329c\u033c\u0345o\u0339\u0316m\u032a\u033cp\u032a\u034do\u034e\u031ds\u0345\u0325e\u032e\u033a[\u031e\u0354n\u032b\u0339t\u034e\u0317]\u0359\u0339.\u00a0\u00bb (TIQQUN 2001, p.\u00a043). D\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019une curation, pour m\u0338\u0359a\u035c\u0326i\u0321\u033cn\u0340\u0345t\u0327\u0354e\u0327\u034en\u035c\u0317i\u0341\u0331r\u035d\u0332 encore l\u0327\u033b\u2019\u0322\u0326i\u0336\u033bl\u0321\u032bl\u0334\u0319u\u0358\u033as\u0334\u0353i\u035e\u032ao\u0315\u0329n\u035c\u033a m\u00b19}\u0178\u00bb\u00c8PM\u00c1\u00b1;NC`dt\u00bb\u00b4\u00e6Y\u00eb\u00e9. Pour ne pas voir dispara\u00eetre ta p\u0362\u032fh\u0337\u0319o\u0328\u033ct\u0338\u035ao\u0489\u0345.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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R\u00e9\u0337\u030a\u0302\u0312\u0350\u0301\u0310\u0360\u0357\u030b\u0332\u0319\u0345\u0356\u0359\u032ff\u00e9ren\u033d\u0310\u030a\u0310\u036aces\u0332\u0316\u033c<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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BAUDRILLARD, Jean, 1981. Simulacres et Simulation<\/i>. Paris\u00a0: \u00c9ditions Galil\u00e9e.<\/p>

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BORGES, Jorge Luis, 1951. La Biblioth\u00e8que de Babel. In\u00a0: Fictions<\/i>. Paris\u00a0: Gallimard. Folio.<\/p>

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CARTIER-LACAVE, Nathalie et SEVIN, Caroline, 2008. Maladies Neurod\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives. Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis<\/i> [en\u00a0ligne]. 3\u00a0mars\u00a02008. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse\u00a0: https:\/\/www.universalis-edu.com\/encyclopedie\/maladies-neurodegeneratives<\/span><\/a> [consult\u00e9 le 1\u00a0d\u00e9cembre\u00a02024].<\/p>

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EUSTACHE, Francis, 2019. M\u00e9moire. Encyclop\u00e6dia Universalis<\/i> [en\u00a0ligne]. 19\u00a0juin\u00a02019. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse\u00a0: https:\/\/www.universalis-edu.com\/encyclopedie\/memoire<\/span><\/a> [consult\u00e9 le 4\u00a0d\u00e9cembre\u00a02024].<\/p>

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HARVEY, Douglas Ross, 2010. Digital curation: a how-to-do-it manual<\/i>. New York\u00a0: Neal-Schuman Publishers. How-to-do-it manuals, no. 170. <\/span>ISBN 978-1- 55570-694-4.<\/p>

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LITTR\u00c9, \u00c9mile, 1874. Curation \u2013 d\u00e9finition, citations, \u00e9tymologie. In\u00a0: Dictionnaire de la langue fran\u00e7aise<\/i> [en ligne]. Disponible \u00e0 l\u2019adresse\u00a0: https:\/\/www.littre.org\/definition\/curation<\/span><\/a> [consult\u00e9 le 4\u00a0d\u00e9cembre\u00a02024].<\/p>

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TIQQUN, 2001. Premiers mat\u00e9riaux pour une th\u00e9orie de la Jeune-Fille<\/i>. Paris\u00a0: \u00c9ditions Mille et une nuits.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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